What are Tarpenes (Cannabis Terpenes Profile) and effects?

Are you tired of buying cannabis products that don’t give you the desired effects or flavor? If so, it might be time to start considering the role of cannabis terpenes (tarpenes) in your purchasing decisions.

But what are tarpenes (mostly spelled Terpenes or Terps), and why are they important?

We are all about the study of terpenes and have gathered useful information on these molecules in cannabis that may enhance your high and the psychoactive effects of the plant. Our goal is to provide you with the knowledge you need to personalize your cannabis experience according to your individual needs.

Let’s dive in!

What are Terpenes?

Terpenes (also called Tarpenes or Terps) are a class of organic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis. These compounds are responsible for the distinct smells and flavors of different plants. In fact, you have likely encountered terpenes before without even realizing it – the pleasant aroma of lavender, the refreshing scent of pine, and the citrusy scent of oranges are all thanks to terpenes!

But terpenes do more than give plants their signature scents. These compounds also serve important functions for the plants that produce them. In some cases, terpenes can act as natural repellants, helping keep pests and diseases away. In other cases, terpenes can attract beneficial insects and animals, helping the plant to spread its pollen and seeds.

Terpenes can also have a range of effects on humans and other animals. Some terpenes are known to have medicinal properties and are often used in producing essential oils and other natural remedies. For example, the terpene limonene, which is found in citrus fruits, is known for its stress-relieving properties.

But the most well-known use of terpenes is in the cannabis plant. Cannabis plants produce a wide variety of terpenes, each with its own unique set of effects.

What is Cannabis Derived Terpenes (CDT)?

Cannabis-derived terpenes (CDT) are a class of aromatic compounds found in the trichomes of cannabis plants. These trichomes are small, crystal-like structures that cover the leaves and buds of the plant and contain a range of compounds, including cannabinoids like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), as well as CDT.

The mix of CDT gives each cannabis strain its unique smell and flavor and is largely responsible for why you would choose one over another. For example, some strains have a piney or earthy scent, while others may have a more citrusy or fruity aroma.

Some CDTs have anti-inflammatory properties, while others may help to improve mood and promote relaxation. When combined with the compounds found in cannabis, such as THC and CBD, terpenes can have a range of different effects on the body and mind.

Why should you pay attention to CBD Terpenes profile?

Cannabis-derived terpenes (CDT) potentially affect the body and mind when consumed. Available research suggests that terpenes play a significant role in the overall effects of cannabis through what is commonly described as the “entourage effect.”[1]

The entourage effect is a phenomenon that refers to the way in which the various compounds in cannabis interact with each other to produce specific effects on the body and mind. This includes the synergistic interaction of cannabinoids such as CBD and THC with the terpene profile — the dominant terpenes — of a cannabis strain.

Research has shown that different terpene profiles can alter the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of cannabinoids, leading to different effects on the body and mind. For example, terpene myrcene has been shown to increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier [2], which can allow more THC to reach the brain and potentially increase the psychoactive effects of the cannabinoid.

Terpenes can also have independent effects on the body through their interaction with the human endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system is a network of receptors and signaling molecules that play a role in various physiological processes, including pain, inflammation, mood, and sleep. Some terpenes have been shown to bind to endocannabinoid receptors and modulate their activity, leading to potential therapeutic effects[11].

In addition to their potential effects on the body and mind, CDT determines the flavor and aroma of different cannabis products. Many people choose strains based on their specific scent and flavor profiles. Understanding the terpene profile of different strains can help you select a product that is more tailored to your individual needs and preferences.

Benefits of Terpenes supported by Research

Research into the therapeutic benefits of terpenes is still in the early stages. It may take a while to get concrete evidence, but many studies suggest they have a lot of promise and deserve more attention.

Most terpenes have similar effects on our bodies, although each one is unique. Some of the ways many terpenes seem to benefit the body, as shown by research, include;

Anxiolytic Benefits

Some terpenes help with depression and anxiety when used in combination with cannabinoids (THC and CBD) [1]

Antimicrobial Benefits

Several studies have found that many terpenes have antimicrobial properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antimalarial, and antiparasitic traits [3, 5, 9].

Analgesic Benefits

Some studies suggest that terpenes may be able to reduce pain and may contribute to the powerful effects of cannabis. [6, 1 0]

Anti-inflammatory Benefits

Research has shown several terpenes may have the ability to reduce inflammation, including neuro and respiratory inflammation, which could help with certain types of pain and discomfort. [7, 8]

Neuroprotective Benefits

Some Terpenes may be able to protect the brain from harmful elements like oxidative stress and inflammation [4].

14 Most Common Terpenes in Cannabis and Their Effects

Bisabolol

Aroma: Bisabolol is a terpene with a floral, sweet aroma.
Other sources: Chamomile and Candeia.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Bisabolol has anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties and may also have potential antibacterial and antioxidant effects.
Common Strains: ACDC, Master Kush, Rockstar, Headband, Pink Kush

Beta-Caryophyllene

Aroma: Beta-Caryophyllene is a terpene with a spicy, peppery aroma.
Other sources: Black pepper, cinnamon, and hops.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Beta-Caryophyllene may have potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and antidepressant and anxiolytic effects.
Common Strains: Bubba Kush, Death Star, Giri scour Cookies, Permafrost, White widow

Delta-3-Carene

Aroma: Delta-3-carene is a terpene with a woody, pine-like fragrance.
Other sources: Pine, Cedar, and Cypress plants.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Delta-3-carene has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and may also have bronchodilating properties, making it a possible treatment for asthma.
Common Strains: Super Lemon Haze, Super Silver Haze, Skunk No. 1

Eucalyptol

Aroma: Eucalyptol is a terpene with a fresh, woody, and slightly sweet aroma.
Other sources: Eucalyptus and Bay leaves.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Eucalyptol has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and may also have antibacterial and antioxidant properties.
Common Strains: Super Silver Haze, Bubba Kush, Chemdawa, Headband

Geraniol

Aroma: Geraniol is a terpene with a sweet, floral scent.
Other sources: Roses, Geraniums, and Lemongrass.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Geraniol has potential insect-repellent properties and may also have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Common Strains: Amnesia Haze, Afghani, Master Kush, Headband

Humulene

Aroma: Humulene is a terpene with an earthy, woody, and slightly spicy aroma.
Other sources: Hops, Basil, and Sage plants.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Humulene has potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and may also have antibacterial and appetite-suppressing properties.
Common Strains: Sour Diesel, Corilla Glue, Kush, Permafrost, White Widow

Limonene

Aroma: Limonene is a terpene with a citrusy aroma.
Other sources: Lemons, Oranges, and Limes.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Limonene has potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and may also have anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties.
Common Strains: Durban Poison. Sour Diocol, Bruce Banner, OG Kush, Trainwreck

Linalool

Aroma: Linalool is a terpene with a floral, lavender-like aroma.
Other sources: Lavender, Basil, and Mint.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Linalool has potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and may also have sedative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Common strains: Amnesia maze, Blueberry, Master Kush, Pink Kush, Lavender Kush, Skywalker OG

Myrcene

Aroma: Myrcene is a terpene with an earthy, musky aroma.
Other sources: Mangoes, Hops, and Thyme.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Myrcene has potential sedative and analgesic effects and may also increase the absorption of THC, potentially enhancing its psychoactive effects.
Common strains: Death star, Northern lights, White Rhino, Blue Dream, Cannatonic

Ocimene

Aroma: Ocimene is a terpene with a sweet, floral aroma.
Other sources: Mint, Basil, and Marjoram.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Ocimene has potential antiviral and antimicrobial effects and may also have anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing properties.
Common Strains: Strawberry Cough, Himalayan Gold, Lemon Diesel, OG Kush

Pinene

Aroma: Pinene is a terpene with a woody, pine-like aroma
Other sources: Pine trees and Rosemary plants.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Pinene may have alerting and memory-enhancing effects and may also have bronchodilating effects, making it a potential treatment for asthma.
Common strains: Jack Herer, Strawberry cough, OG Kush, Permafrost, Trainwreck, White Widow

Terpineol

Aroma: Terpineol is a terpene with a floral, pine-like aroma.
Other sources: Pine and Lilac.
Therapeutic value: Research has shown that Terpineol has potential sedative and anxiolytic effects and may also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Common Strains: Jack Herer, Girl Scout Cookies, OG Kush, white widow

Terpinolene

Aroma: Terpinolene is a terpene with a woody, floral scent.
Other sources: Tea trees, Pine, and Nutmeg.
Therapeutic value: Research shows Terpinolene has potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and may also have sedative properties.
Common Strains: Jack Herer. Purple Haze, Critical Kush

Valencene

Aroma: Valencene is a terpene with a citrusy aroma.
Other sources: Oranges and Tangerines.
Therapeutic value: Research shows that Valencene has potential insect-repellent properties and may also have anti-inflammatory effects.
Common strains: Tangie, Lemon skunk

How to identify the terpene profile of cannabis products

There are a few different ways to identify the terpene profile of a particular cannabis product:

Lab testing: Many cannabis products are tested in a laboratory to determine their terpene profile. This information is often included on the product label or the company’s website.
Aroma: The aroma of a cannabis product can be a good indicator of its terpene profile. Different terpenes have distinctive aromas, and by paying attention to the smell of a product, you can get a sense of which terpenes it contains.
Customer reviews: Customers who have used a particular cannabis product may be able to provide information about its terpene profile based on their experience with the product.

Tips for selecting products with specific terpene profiles

If you are looking for products with specific terpene profiles, here are a few tips to help you select the right product:

Look for products that have been lab tested: Products that have been tested in a laboratory are more likely to have accurate information about their terpene profile.
Pay attention to the aroma: The aroma of a product can give you a sense of which terpenes it contains. To find a product with a specific terpene profile, search for products with an aroma that matches the desired terpene profile.
Read customer reviews: Customer reviews can be a good source of information about the terpene profile of a particular product. Look for reviews that mention the aroma and effects of the product, as these may be indicators of the product’s terpene profile.
Ask the retailer or manufacturer: If you are unsure about the terpene profile of a particular product, you can always ask the retailer or manufacturer for more information. They may be able to provide you with more detailed information about the product’s terpene profile.

How to use Terpenes with Cannabis Products

There are various ways to use terpenes in different forms of cannabis products. Let’s explore the most common ways how to incorporate terpenes into your routine cannabis product consumption.

Vaporized Terpenes

One of the healthiest ways to consume Terps is through vaporization. However, not just any method will do – the best way to experience vaporized terps is through cold vaping or adding terpenes to e-liquids for vape pens.

Vaporizing terpenes using a cold vape allows you to test the flavor and aroma of each terpene profile before adding them to your products. This method of consumption has the added benefit of avoiding combustion, as opposed to smoking, which could produce harmful byproducts and increase the risk of negative health consequences.

Dry Buds (Flower)

Terpenes can enhance the effects of dry cannabis buds or flowers consumed through smoking or vaporizing the flowers. They can either improve the already present effects of the flower or revitalize a subpar flower, such as one that is old, dry, or not as potent as desired.

To use terpenes with dry buds or flowers, add 1-2 drops of terpene oil per gram of flower. Alternatively, lightly coat your pipe bowl with about 0.2mm of terpene oil or add a few drops to your grinder before grinding the bud. Remember that terpenes are highly concentrated, and a little goes a long way. Be careful not to add too much, as it can overpower the taste and smell of the buds.

CBD Distillate

Terpenes can be added to distillates to restore the plant’s terpenes that are lost during the distillation process. By adding terpenes to the distillate, you can recreate the desired flavor and effects of the original plant.

It is important to use a recommended dosage, usually 1-2 drops of terpene oil per gram of distillate, to avoid overpowering the taste and aroma. Remember that distillate will solidify at room temperature and needs to be heated before use. You can use a dabber or a magnetic stirrer to mix the terpenes into the distillate thoroughly and allow the mixture to infuse overnight before using.

CBD Concentrates

To improve the flavor of cannabis concentrates that do not accurately reflect their strain, you can add terpenes to them. This is especially effective if the terpenes are correctly matched to the strain.

To use terpenes with concentrates, add 1-5% of the total weight in terpenes. A good rule of thumb is to start with 2% and add more as needed. Thicker concentrates may require more terpenes to start with.

Mix the terpenes well into the concentrate using a stirring tool such as a glass or metal tool or a magnetic stirrer until the mixture is consistent. Smell the mixture to determine if you need to add more terpenes to achieve the desired flavor and aroma.

CBD Tinctures

Most unflavored CBD tinctures are bitter. Terpenes add flavor, enhance the taste and smell of CBD tinctures, and improve the absorption and effects of CBD in the body. To find the ideal blend of terpenes for your tinctures, you must consider your tastes, desired mood, and desired effects.

To add terpenes to your CBD tinctures, mix in 1% terpenes by weight. For example, if you have 100 grams of CBD tincture, add 1 gram of terpenes. If you’re infusing a small amount of tincture, add 1 drop of terpenes at a time, testing the flavor and increasing the amount as desired.

Edibles and Drinks

Terpenes can be added to edibles and drinks to create dishes and cocktails that are truly surprising. Because terpenes are entirely cannabinoid-free, you can make psychoactive-free edibles while maintaining multiple terpenes’ beneficial properties.

When terpenes are added to cannabis-infused edibles, it is a healthy option to consume cannabis, with the potential to complement the effects of major cannabinoids that allow users to experience a more desirable high.

CBD Oils

Some terpenes can be added to CBD or THC oils to enhance specific effects. For example, the presence of terpene myrcene has been shown to increase the absorption of THC, potentially increasing its psychoactive effects.

The easiest way to add terpenes to oils is to use a syringe or a dropper for precision. Alternatively, you can add a small amount of terpene isolate to each CBD oil dosage. It’s best to start slowly and gradually increase the number of terpenes if needed. For example, you can start with a 1% concentration and see how your body reacts before increasing the amount.

Guidelines for Safe Terpenes Consumption

There are many forms of terpene products, such as sprays, prefilled cartridges, concentrates, and more. To consume terpenes safely, it is crucial to follow general safety guidelines.

Never consume pure terpenes

Pure terpenes can be very concentrated and may cause adverse reactions if consumed undiluted. Always follow the recommended dosages and dilution ratios for your specific product.

Start with small amounts

When consuming terpenes, it’s best to start with small amounts and gradually increase the dosage as needed. This will help you to gauge how your body reacts to the terpenes and avoid any adverse effects.

Mix appropriately

When using terpenes in marijuana products, it’s important to remember that they are not water-soluble. Try using a carrier agent such as coconut oil, vegetable oil, or glycerin to mix them properly. This ensures that the terpenes are properly dispersed and ready for use.

Know your source

It’s important to be aware of the source of the terpenes you consume. To avoid purchasing contaminated or poor-quality products, make sure to only purchase from reputable sources.

Understand the effects

Different terpenes can have unique effects on the body, so it’s important to be aware of the potential effects of the terpenes you are consuming. Conduct your research to understand the potential impact of different terpenes profiles on the body.

Be cautious with medication

If you are taking any medication, it’s important to be cautious when consuming terpenes. Some terpenes may interact with certain medications, so it’s vital to consult with a healthcare professional before adding terpenes to your routine.

Follow recommended dosage

Always follow the recommended dosage for the terpenes you consume. Overdosing on terpenes can lead to adverse effects, so it’s important to stick to the recommended dosage. From accumulated knowledge within the cannabis industry and considering terpenes’ natural ratios in cannabis (1 – 5%) as well as data on safety, it is suggested not to exceed a concentration of 10% in the final product.

Store properly

Proper storage of terpenes is essential to maintain their quality and potency. Keep terpenes in a cool, dark place, and seal the container tightly after each use.

Use caution when vaporizing

Always use a device specifically designed for vaporizing terpenes. Adjustable temperature vaporizers are recommended to prevent heat-derived toxin production and to ensure that oil is not heated to high temperatures, as terpenes are volatile molecules.

References

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Disclaimer

The contents of this article are for educational purposes only. The FDA has not reviewed any of these statements. This article and the contents therein are not meant to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent, or otherwise alleviate any definable medical conditions to any degree of significance. This article is not meant for medical advice. Please speak with your licensed medical professional to get more information regarding terpenes and how they can affect you.

What are Tarpenes (Cannabis Terpenes) and their effects?