Use Cases

Best Terpenes for Pain and Inflammation Relief

7 Mins read

The best terpenes for pain relief, and inflammation management that we’ll cover in this article are;

  1. Myrcene
  2. Beta-caryophyllene
  3. Limonene
  4. Linalool
  5. Pinene

When you’re exploring options for managing pain, you might consider cannabis, a natural remedy gaining acceptance in medical treatments. Historically, cannabis has been used to alleviate discomfort, and now, with more research, it’s becoming a mainstream option.

Cannabis works on your body’s endocannabinoid system, which plays a crucial role in regulating pain. It interacts with receptors in your brain and immune system to reduce inflammation and ease pain. Studies have shown that both THC and CBD, two primary compounds in cannabis, can help manage various types of pain, from chronic conditions to acute injuries.

What Are Cannabis Terpenes and How Do They Help with Pain?

You might wonder what makes certain strains of cannabis more effective for pain relief than others. The answer lies partly in terpenes—aromatic compounds found in cannabis that not only give it a distinctive smell but also contribute to its therapeutic effects.

Terpenes like myrcene, caryophyllene, and limonene have shown potential in enhancing cannabis’s pain-relieving properties. They work synergistically with cannabinoids like THC and CBD in what’s known as the “entourage effect,” amplifying the benefits you receive.

Certain terpenes exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties—all of which are helpful for managing pain. For example, myrcene is known for its sedative effects, which can help with pain-induced insomnia, while caryophyllene binds directly to CB2 receptors, helping reduce inflammation and pain.

Research highlights the role of terpenes in influencing pain perception by interacting with the body’s endocannabinoid system and other receptor pathways, like TRPV1, which modulates pain sensation (Source).

As you get deeper into the world of cannabis for pain management, understanding the role of terpenes will empower you to make informed choices. By choosing strains rich in specific terpenes, you can tailor your cannabis use to target the exact type of pain you’re experiencing.

Which Terpenes Are Best for Pain Relief?

1. Myrcene

Characteristics: Known for its earthy, musky aroma with subtle hints of cloves, myrcene is the most abundant terpene in many cannabis strains. This terpene is also found in mangoes, hops, and thyme.

Effects: Myrcene is celebrated for its sedative, muscle-relaxant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Research suggests that myrcene enhances cell permeability, allowing cannabinoids like THC and CBD to act more efficiently within the body (Source). It also modulates inflammatory pathways, providing significant relief for chronic pain and spasms.

Strains: Granddaddy Purple, Blue Dream, OG Kush, and Northern Lights are rich in myrcene.

Best Use: Myrcene is particularly effective for chronic pain, muscle spasms, and conditions like fibromyalgia or arthritis, especially when taken before bedtime due to its sedative effects.


2. Beta-Caryophyllene

Characteristics: Beta-caryophyllene has a spicy and peppery aroma, reminiscent of black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon. It is also a dietary terpene, found in black pepper and cinnamon.

Effects: This unique terpene directly binds to CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, making it one of the few terpenes that act as a cannabinoid (Source). This interaction provides strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without psychoactivity, making it ideal for inflammatory pain such as arthritis or Crohn’s disease.

Strains: Sour Diesel, Bubba Kush, Girl Scout Cookies, and Death Star.

Best Use: Beta-caryophyllene is particularly useful for managing neuropathic pain, inflammatory conditions, and autoimmune disorders, providing relief without sedation.


3. Limonene

Characteristics: With its vibrant citrus aroma, limonene is widely recognized and found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It contributes a refreshing, energizing scent to cannabis strains.

Effects: Limonene is both uplifting and stress-relieving, with properties that reduce anxiety and improve mood. It modulates opioid receptors, contributing to its analgesic effects (Source). Limonene also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful for mild to moderate pain.

Strains: Super Lemon Haze, Do-Si-Dos, Lemon OG, and Wedding Cake.

Best Use: Ideal for individuals looking to manage pain alongside stress or depression. It is particularly beneficial for headaches, mild muscle aches, and pain ssociated with anxiety.


4. Linalool

Characteristics: Linalool exudes a floral and lavender-like aroma, commonly found in lavender plants, mint, and cinnamon. This terpene is often associated with relaxation and calmness.

Effects: Linalool is well-known for its sedative and anxiolytic effects. It works by reducing inflammatory markers and calming overactive neurotransmitters, providing effective relief for inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Source). Its sedative effects also promote better sleep, which can be crucial for managing chronic pain.

Strains: Amnesia Haze, Lavender Kush, LA Confidential, and Zkittlez.

Best Use: Linalool is highly effective for anxiety-related pain, migraines, and conditions like insomnia or stress-induced pain. It is best consumed in the evening.


5. Pinene

Pinene -  Best terpenes for pain

Characteristics: Pinene has a distinct pine-like aroma and is found in pine needles, rosemary, and basil. It is one of the most common terpenes in nature.

Effects: Pinene is valued for its potent anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to act as a bronchodilator, which may assist with conditions involving inflammation and respiratory pain. It is particularly helpful for reducing swelling and chronic pain in conditions like arthritis or sciatica (Source). Additionally, pinene is noted for its ability to improve alertness and focus, making it a non-sedating option for daytime use.

Strains: Jack Herer, OG Kush, Blue Dream, and Island Sweet Skunk.

Best Use: Pinene is ideal for inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis and tendonitis, and for managing pain without sedative side effects, making it a good choice for daytime relief.


What is the Safest Way to Consume Terpenes for Pain Relief?

When it comes to maximizing the therapeutic benefits of cannabis terpenes for pain relief, choosing the right method of consumption is crucial. Each method has its own benefits, safety considerations, and applications depending on your specific needs and lifestyle.

1. Vaporization: Efficient, Immediate Relief

Vaporization is one of the safest and most efficient methods to consume terpenes, as it heats the cannabis to a precise temperature that releases the terpenes without combusting the plant material. This ensures that you inhale the active compounds while avoiding harmful byproducts like tar and carbon monoxide.

  • Why It Works Well:
    Terpenes have specific boiling points at which they vaporize and become active. A good-quality vaporizer allows precise control of temperature to preserve the integrity and efficacy of terpenes.
    • Myrcene: 167°C (332°F)
    • Limonene: 176°C (349°F)
    • Beta-Caryophyllene: 199°C (390°F)
    • Linalool: 198°C (388°F)
    • Pinene: 155°C (311°F)
  • Advantages:
    • Immediate onset of effects, ideal for acute pain relief.
    • Efficient delivery of terpenes and cannabinoids.
    • Easy to adjust dosage by controlling the amount of vapor inhaled.
  • Considerations:
    • Invest in a high-quality vaporizer to ensure precise temperature control.
    • Avoid vaporizers with plastic components that may release harmful chemicals.

2. Full-Spectrum Cannabis Oils: The Power of the Entourage Effect

Full-spectrum cannabis oils contain not just terpenes but also cannabinoids and other beneficial compounds, offering a holistic approach to pain relief. These oils are typically consumed sublingually (under the tongue) or added to food or beverages.

  • Why It Works Well:
    Full-spectrum oils harness the “entourage effect,” where cannabinoids (like THC and CBD) and terpenes work synergistically to enhance each other’s therapeutic benefits.
  • Advantages:
    • Consistent and measurable dosing.
    • Long-lasting effects, as the oil is absorbed gradually into the bloodstream.
    • Non-invasive and discreet.
  • Considerations:
    • Sublingual consumption provides faster relief than ingestion.
    • Look for oils tested for purity and terpene content to ensure quality.

3. Edibles: Long-Lasting Pain Relief

Edibles infused with terpene-rich cannabis extracts offer an excellent option for prolonged pain relief. These can range from gummies and chocolates to drinks and baked goods.

  • Why It Works Well:
    Edibles are metabolized in the liver, which converts THC to 11-hydroxy-THC, a potent metabolite that provides long-lasting effects. Terpenes in edibles complement this process by modulating the effects of cannabinoids and offering additional therapeutic benefits.
  • Advantages:
    • Effects last 4-8 hours, ideal for managing chronic pain.
    • Easy to incorporate into daily routines.
    • Available in a variety of flavors and formats.
  • Considerations:
    • Onset time is slower, taking 30 minutes to 2 hours to feel effects.
    • Start with a low dose and wait to gauge the impact before consuming more.

4. Topicals: Targeted, Localized Relief

Topical products such as balms, creams, and salves infused with terpenes and cannabinoids are applied directly to the skin, providing targeted pain relief without psychoactive effects.

  • Why It Works Well:
    Topicals penetrate the skin and interact with localized cannabinoid receptors, reducing inflammation and pain in the applied area.
  • Advantages:
    • Excellent for localized pain, such as arthritis, muscle soreness, or joint pain.
    • Non-psychoactive, as they do not enter the bloodstream.
    • Easy to use and ideal for all-day application.
  • Considerations:
    • Effects are limited to the application area.
    • Choose products with verified terpene and cannabinoid profiles for maximum efficacy.

Additional Tips for Safe Consumption

  • Start Low and Go Slow: Always begin with a low dose to assess how your body reacts to the terpenes and cannabinoids.
  • Consult Professionals: Seek advice from a healthcare provider, especially if you’re new to cannabis or managing a chronic condition.
  • Check Lab Testing: Use products from reputable brands that provide third-party lab testing for purity, potency, and terpene content.
  • Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps prevent dry mouth, a common side effect of cannabis use.

By choosing the right method and being mindful of safety considerations, you can effectively harness the power of terpenes for pain relief while minimizing risks.

Are There Any Side Effects?

Terpenes are generally safe, but overconsumption can lead to mild side effects like dizziness, dry mouth, or headaches. Stick to recommended dosages and consult a healthcare provider if you’re new to cannabis or have pre-existing conditions.

FAQs

1. Can terpenes alone provide pain relief?

While terpenes have therapeutic properties, they work best in synergy with cannabinoids like THC and CBD. This combined effect enhances pain relief.

2. Are there strains with multiple pain-relieving terpenes?

Yes, strains like OG Kush and Blue Dream contain a mix of myrcene, beta-caryophyllene, and pinene, offering comprehensive pain relief.

3. Can I find terpenes outside of cannabis?

Absolutely! Terpenes are abundant in other plants. For example, limonene is found in citrus fruits, and linalool is present in lavender.

4. How do I know which terpene is right for me?

Experiment with strains rich in different terpenes while monitoring your body’s response. Consult a cannabis-friendly healthcare provider for personalized advice.

References

  1. Baron, E. P. (2018). Properties of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in cannabis, and benefits in migraine, headache, and pain: An update on current evidence and cannabis science. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13345
  2. Gallily, R., Yekhtin, Z., & Hanus, L. O. (2018). The anti-inflammatory properties of terpenoids from cannabis. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2018.0014
  3. Harris, H. M., Rousseau, M. A., & Wanas, A. S. (2019). Role of cannabinoids and terpenes in cannabis-mediated analgesia in rats. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2018.0054
  4. Seekins, C. A., Welborn, A. M., & Schwarz, A. M. (2024). Select terpenes from Cannabis sativa are antinociceptive in mouse models of post-operative pain and fibromyalgia via adenosine A2a receptors. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-024-00687-1
  5. Sommano, S. R., Chittasupho, C., & Ruksiriwanich, W. (2020). The cannabis terpenes. Molecules. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245792
  6. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24625
  7. Russo, E.B. (2011), Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163: 1344-1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x

Disclaimer

The contents of this article are for educational purposes only. The FDA has not reviewed any of these statements. This article and the contents therein are not meant to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent, or otherwise alleviate any definable medical conditions to any degree of significance. This article is not meant for medical advice. Please speak with your licensed medical professional to get more information regarding terpenes and how they can affect you.

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Know your Terpenes and their therapeutic benefits